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Objective@#To investigation the correlation between sleep duration and hypertension among adults in Zhejiang Province, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension.@*Methods@#Permanent residents at age of 18 years and older were enrolled from 10 surveillance sites for risk factors of chronic diseases included in the 2018 China Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance Program. Subjects' demographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration and development of hypertension were collected, and following complex weighting calculations, the association between sleep duration and hypertension were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#Totally 5 770 adults were included, including 2 952 men (50.72%) and 3 178 women (49.28%), and the prevalence of hypertension was 29.39% (2 702 cases). There were 712 (8.37%), 1 077 (18.77%), 1 582 (28.68%), 1 717 (34.60%) and 682 adults (9.57%) with sleep duration of <6 h/d, 6 to 7 h/d, 7 to 8 h/d, 8 to 9 h/d and 9 h/d and longer, respectively. Taking the sleep duration of 7 to 8 h/d as a reference, multivariable logistic regression analysis identified a significant association between sleep duration of <6 h/d and the risk of hypertension (OR=1.709, 95%CI: 1.184-2.466), a significant association between sleep duration of 9 h/d and longer and the risk of hypertension (OR=1.369, 95%CI: 1.006-1.862) in men, significant associations between sleep duration of <6 h/d (OR=2.174, 95%CI: 1.528-3.093) and 6 to 7 h/d (OR=1.412, 95%CI: 1.078-1.850) and the risk of hypertension in women, and significant associations between sleep duration of <6 h/d (OR=3.095, 95%CI: 1.025-9.347) and 6 to 7 h/d (OR=2.046, 95%CI: 1.156-3.622) and the risk of hypertension in residents at ages of 18 to 44 years.@*Conclusions@#Short sleep duration may increase the risk of hypertension among adults at ages of 18 to 44 years in Zhejiang Province. Short sleep duration may increase the risk of hypertension in women and long sleep duration may increase the risk of hypertension in men.
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Objetive： To investigate the mechanism of antidepressant effect of verbascoside based on high-throughput sequencing technology （RNA-Seq），and to explore the possible targets and signaling pathways. MethodsForty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group，model group，fluoxetine group and verbascoside group，10 mice in each group. Except for the control group，all the other three groups were constructed with chronic unpredictable mild stimulation （CUMS） combined with solitary feeding for four weeks. Control group，fluoxetine group and verbascoside group were administered by gavage once daily for three weeks during the second week of modeling. The mice were assessed by sugar-water preference test，forced swimming test，open field test，elevated cross maze test，and water maze test. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was performed to detect the levels of major neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors in mice serum，and mRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed in the nucleus accumben and colon to screen differentially expressed genes and perform pathway enrichment analysis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of Gad，Slc32a1（VGAT） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF） in nucleus accumbens. ResultCompared with the control group，the anxiety and depression-like behaviors in the model group increased，while the learning and memory ability decreased significantly. The content of neurotransmitter in serum decreased significantly. The content of pro-inflammatory factors increased significantly. The mRNA expression of Gad and Slc32a1（VGAT） in nucleus accumbens decreased significantly，while that of BDNF increased significantly. Compared with the model group，the anxiety and depression-like behavior of mice in verbascoside group was significantly relieved. The neurotransmitter content increased significantly，and the pro-inflammatory factors decreased significantly. The mRNA expression of Gad and Slc32a1（VGAT） in nucleus accumbens increased significantly，while that of BDNF decreased significantly.A total of 48 differentially expressed genes in nucleus accumbens and 43 differentially expressed genes in colon were screened by high-throughput sequencing. Differential genes in nucleus accumbens mainly focus on neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction， γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）ergic synapse，synaptic vesicle cycle and other pathways. Colonic differential genes are mainly concentrated in GABAergic synapses，synaptic vesicle circulation，cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP） signal pathway and other signal pathways. Compared with the control group，the mRNA expression of Gad and Slc32a1（VGAT） in nucleus accumbens of model group decreased significantly，while the mRNA expression of BDNF increased significantly. ConclusionVerbascoside has significant antidepressant effects. Its antidepressant effect may be related to the increase of monoamine neurotransmitters，the decrease of pro-inflammatory factors and the restoration of neurotransmitter homeostasis by increasing GABA，and it mainly acts through the signaling pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction，GABAergic synapses，synaptic vesicle cycle and cAMP signaling pathway.
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ObjectiveTo establish a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome model with yin deficiency and internal heat， discuss the rationality of model evaluation， and analyze differentially expressed genes in multiple dimensions to explore the molecular mechanism-signaling pathways as well as key targets of Baihe Dihuangtang （BHDH） in treating depression with Yin deficiency and internal heat. MethodForty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank control group，a model group，a fluoxetine group （positive drug），a BHDH group， and a Zhibai Dihuangtang group （positive drug for Yin deficiency and internal heat）. The depression model with Yin deficiency and internal heat was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）combined with Chinese herbal drugs with warm and heat nature. The model established was comprehensively evaluated by the detection of the basic condition， behavioral performance， and biochemical indicators of rats in each group. The differentially expressed genes were screened out by mRNA sequencing and underwent Gene Ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses. The protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was plotted and key genes were analyzed to explore the underlying mechanism of BHDH in treating depression with Yin deficiency and internal heat. ResultThe comparison of basic conditions， behavioral assays， energy metabolism， endocrine hormones， cytokines， and neurotransmitters showed that the model was properly induced. BHDH could significantly improve depression with Yin deficiency and internal heat by regulating the pathways related to the nervous system， endocrine system， and inflammatory and immune system. The key genes of the PPI network were Fos， Epha8， Npy2r， Htr2c， and Nr4a1. ConclusionUnder the guidance of TCM theories of treatment based on syndrome differentiation and etiology and pathogenesis，this study established a depression model with yin deficiency and internal heat in animals and evaluation system in accordance with the symptoms and signs of emotional diseases， and further confirmed the scientificity of the modeling method and the underlying mechanism of BHDH in interfering with depression with Yin deficiency and internal heat based on the results of mRNA sequencing.
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Diabetes and depression are both incurable chronic diseases， which are complementary and integrated. They are clinically called diabetic depression. A large number of epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that diabetes interacts with depression， leading to complex conditions of diabetic depression， difficult treatment， and poor prognosis. Diabetes and depression are considered two independent diseases in the majority of the existing clinical methods for the treatment of diabetic depression， with many defects such as low efficiency and severe side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment of diabetic depression， characterized by multiple targets， multiple pathways， and overall coordination， can adjust the synergy between multiple systems of the body and is advantageous in the treatment of diabetic depression. However， the evaluation of the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of diabetic depression is mostly limited to the improvement of clinical symptoms， the control of blood sugar level， and the score of depression scale， and there is a lack of in-depth research on the mechanism of action. Therefore， many researchers are devoted to exploring the underlying mechanism of TCM in the treatment of diabetes combined with depression. Clarifying the comorbidity mechanism is the key in treating diabetic depression. In this study， we made an introduction according to the mechanism based on the relevant research reports on the treatment of diabetic depression with TCM and summarized its specific mechanisms， including insulin resistance， oxidative stress and inflammation， and nervous system disorder. The interaction between the various mechanisms has further aggravated the complexity of diabetic depression. We have drawn a diagram of the mechanism pathways of diabetic depression in order to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Objective@#To analyze the trends in incidence and mortality of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Zhejiang Province from 2003 to 2017, so as to provide the evidence for the development of AD prevention and control strategies. @* Methods@#The data pertaining to the incidence and mortality of AD in China from 2003 to 2017 were collected from the Global Burden Disease Study, and standardized to the data of the Sixth National Population Census in China in 2010. The trends in incidence and mortality of AD were analyzed using annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change ( AAPC ) in Zhejiang Province from 2003 to 2017. @*Results@#The incidence of AD increased from 96.05/105 in 2003 to 140.96/105 in 2017 in Zhejiang Province, with AAPC of 2.776% ( P<0.05 ), and the greatest APC ( 3.419% ) was found during the period between 2003 and 2005 ( P<0.05 ). The standardized incidence of AD increased 102.06/105 in 2003 to 106.09/105 in 2017 in Zhejiang Province, with AAPC of 0.274% ( P<0.05 ), and the greatest APC ( 1.177% ) was measured during the period between 2003 and 2005 ( P<0.05). The mortality of AD increased from 24.60/105 in 2003 to 41.44/105 in 2017 in Zhejiang Province, with AAPC of 3.862% ( P<0.05 ), and the greatest APC (4.667%) was found during the period between 2005 and 2011 ( P<0.05 ). The standardized mortality of AD increased 26.83/105 in 2003 to 27.16/105 in 2017 in Zhejiang Province, with AAPC of 0.142% ( P>0.05 ), and the greatest APC ( 1.048% ) was measured during the period between 2005 and 2012 ( P<0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Both the incidence and mortality of AD appeared a tendency towards a rise in Zhejiang Province from 2003 to 2017.
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Objective@#To investigate the degree and influencing factors of glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) control among patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) living in rural communities of Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the reference for optimizing the management of diabetes patients in rural communities.@*Methods@#Permanent adult patients with T2DM that were registered and received standardized management in all communities of Jiashan County and Suichang County, and 6 communities of Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province in 2016 were recruited, and their demographic characteristics were captured from the health record system and chronic disease management system. The height, body weight, waist circumstance and blood pressure were measured, and HbA1c and blood lipid parameters were detected. The degree of HbA1c control ( <7% ) was analyzed, and its influencing factors were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 10 339 patients with T2DM were enrolled, including 4 520 men ( 43.72% ) and 5 819 women ( 56.28% ), with a mean age of ( 63.54±9.78 ) years and the mean course of diabetes of ( 6.36±4.73 ) years. The rate of HbA1c control was 47.89%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that males ( OR=1.123, 95%CI: 1.024-1.233 ), region ( Suichang, OR=2.413, 95%CI: 2.106-2.765; Yongkang, OR=2.460, 95%CI: 2.188-2.767 ), course of disease ( 5-9 years, OR=1.724, 95%CI: 1.504-1.977; 10 years and longer, OR=2.881, 95%CI: 2.477-3.351 ), use of hypoglycemic drugs ( OR=1.203, 95%CI: 1.089-1.329 ), development of chronic complications ( OR=1.190, 95%CI: 1.027-1.379 ), uncontrolled blood pressure ( OR=1.140, 95%CI: 1.030-1.261 ), uncontrolled blood lipid ( OR=1.258, 95%CI: 1.104-1.433 ), and smoking ( OR=1.318, 95%CI: 1.165-1.491 ) were statistically associated with HbA1c control among T2DM patients.@*Conclusion@#The rate of HbA1c control was 47.89% among T2DM patients in rural communities of Zhejiang Province. HbA1c control should be given a high priority among men living in low-economic-level regions with long course of disease, use of hypoglycemic drugs, chronic complications, smoking, uncontrolled blood pressure and lipid.
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The teaching effect of "process management and evaluation" was assessed in resident standardization training plan in acupuncture-moxibustion department of hospital for postgraduates of non-acupuncture-moxibustion speciality. A total of 120 postgraduates of non-acupuncture-moxibustion speciality participating in resident standardization training were randomized into an observation group (60 cases) and a control group (60 cases, 1 case dropped off). In the control group, the conventional training mode was used. In the observation group, the "process management and evaluation" was adopted, in which, the syllabus was refined, various teaching modes were cooperated and the summary was conducted once a week. The training results were evaluated at the end of 1-month shift test and questionnaire was issued in all of the postgraduates of the two groups. In the observation group, the score for theory and the score of each of the items for technical ability, named differentiation and treatment, technical manipulation and physician-patient communication, as well as the total score were all higher than the control group successively (
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Humans , Acupuncture , Acupuncture Therapy , Hospitals , Moxibustion , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
Objective:To regulate autophagy protein p62 of airway epithelial cells in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) rats with Qingjin Huatantang, in order to explore its effect on interleukin (IL) -1β and tumor necrosis, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Method:Airway epithelial cells and AECOPD airway epithelial cells were cultured. Sixty SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely high, medium and low-dose Qingjin Huatantang groups, western medicine group, model group and normal group. Except for the normal group, the remaining groups were included into the AECOPD model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tracheal instillation method + fumigation method. After modeling, the dosage of the high-dose traditional Chinese medicine group was 30 g·kg-1·d-1, that of the middle-dose group was 15 g·kg-1·d-1, that of the low-dose group was 7.5 g·kg-1·d-1, the positive control group was given luo erythromycin (0.017 5 g·kg-1·d-1), the model group and the blank control group were orally given normal saline with the volume of 20 mL·kg-1·d-1. Serum was extracted two weeks after administration, and the cells were intervened with drug-containing serum. The content of interleukin IL-1β, TNF-α, and LTB4 in cell supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And LTC4 content, p62 mRNA and protein expressions in lung airway epithelial cells were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) and Western blot. Result:Compared with the normal group, ELISA results showed that IL-1β, TNF-α, LTB4, and LTC4 in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, IL-1β, TNF-α, LTB4, LTC4 in cell supernatants in each administration group were significantly reduced (P<0.01), mRNA and protein expressions in p62 showed that compared with the normal group, mRNA and protein expressions in p62 of model group significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA and protein expressions of p62 in each administration group significantly increased to different degrees (P<0.01). The expression of autophagy in Qingjin Huatantang high-dose group and western medicine group was comparable. Conclusion:Qingjin Huatantang can reduce the inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells, which may be related to the regulation of autophagy protein p62.
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Objective@#To investigate thestatus and control of blood lipid level among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）in rural communities of Zhejiang Province，and to provide evidence for blood lipid control for T2DM.@*Methods@#A sample of 10 343 patients with T2DM managed by communities from Jiashan，Suichang and Yongkang in 2016 were recruited. Through the diabetes registry system，physical examination and laboratory tests，data of demographic features，blood pressure，body mass index（BMI），waist circumstance（WC），glycated hemoglobin（HbA1c），total cholesterol（TC），triglyceride（TG），low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）were collected to learn the status of blood lipid control. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors for blood lipid control. @*Results@#The control rate of TC，TG，LDL-C and HDL-C in patients with T2DM was 29.84%，58.72%，48.25% and 61.27%，respectively. About 11.76% of patients had all the four indicators in control，while 9.22% of patients failed in all. The higher control rates of all of the four indicators were seen in males than females，in older age，in lower BMI and in normal people than in central obese people（all P<0.05）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex（OR=3.556，95%CI：3.070-4.119），age（OR=1.130，95%CI：1.060-1.204），WC（OR=0.989，95%CI：0.980-0.998）， BMI（OR=0.768，95%CI：0.688-0.857），systolic blood pressure（OR=0.991，95%CI：0.984-0.999），HbA1c level（OR=0.914，95%CI：0.876- 0.953），smoking（OR=0.768，95%CI：0.639-0.924）and drinking（OR=0.688，95%CI：0.536-0.884）were associated with the control of TC，TG，LDL-C and HDL-C in patients with T2DM.@*Conclusion@#The control rate of blood lipid is low in patients with T2DM in rural communities of Zhejiang Province，surveillance and interventions should be focused on sex，overweight/obesity，smoking，alcohol intake，blood glucose and blood pressure.
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BACKGROUND: With the continuous development of mesenchymal stem cell therapy, it has been reported that stem cell therapy is likely to cause the occurrence and development of tumors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis after receiving human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) transplantation. METHODS: The study collected the information of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis treated with hUC-MSCs, admitted at the Infectious Disease Department of the 105thHospital of PLA from January 2011 to December 2013. The following investigation lasted 36 months. The follow-up was terminated at the time of diagnostic confirmation. The risk factors that may affect the occurrence of HCC were analyzed by univariate Logistic and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A total of 386 patients were followed up, including 171 patients who received hUC-MSCs transplantation as the observation group and 215 patients only given general internal medicine treatment as the control group. (2) At the follow-up of 12 months, the incidence of HCC in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). At the follow-up of 36 months, the incidence of HCC was 11.7% in the observation group and 9.8% in the control group (P > 0.05). (3) Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the HCC patients had higher age, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-fetoprotein variants (AFP-L3), AFP-L3 ratio (AFP-L3%), and Golgi glycoprotein 73 (GP73) than those with no HCC in both control and observation groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that only APF-L3% was an independent risk factor for HCC in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis undergoing hUC-MSCs transplantation. Overall, hUC-MSCs transplantation does not increase the HCC incidence in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis within 3 years, but it may lead to an early onset of HCC. AFP-L3% can be used as an early predictor of HCC in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis undergoing hUC-MSCs transplantation.
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Objective To estimate the health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) of adults in Zhejiang province and evaluate the health status of the adults.Methods This study was based on the mortality data collected from Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information and Management System,and mortality rates from the underreporting survey and self-reported health data in 2016.Hierarchical Ordered Probit (HOPIT) model was used to estimate the severity-weighted prevalence of disability.Sullivan's method was used to calculate the HALE.Results After adjustment by HOPIT model,the severity-weighted prevalence of disability increased significantly with age (x2=5 795.81,P＜0.001),and it was higher in females than in males (x2=5 353.27,P＜0.001).The life expectancy and self-evaluated HALE were 59.08 years and 48.68 years,respectively,in those aged ≥20 years,the difference was 10.40 years due to disability.The proportion of HALE loss due to disability in the total life expectancy was 17.61％,and it increased with age.HALE was higher in males than in females (49.21 years vs.48.14 years),and in urban residents than in rural residents (49.92 years vs.47.43 years).Conclusion The proportion of loss of HALE in the total life expectancy in adults was high in Zhejiang,and it higher in males than in females,in urban residents than rural residents.Programs on improving health care in women and rural residents should be promoted.
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Objective To estimate the health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) of adults in Zhejiang province and evaluate the health status of the adults.Methods This study was based on the mortality data collected from Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information and Management System,and mortality rates from the underreporting survey and self-reported health data in 2016.Hierarchical Ordered Probit (HOPIT) model was used to estimate the severity-weighted prevalence of disability.Sullivan's method was used to calculate the HALE.Results After adjustment by HOPIT model,the severity-weighted prevalence of disability increased significantly with age (x2=5 795.81,P＜0.001),and it was higher in females than in males (x2=5 353.27,P＜0.001).The life expectancy and self-evaluated HALE were 59.08 years and 48.68 years,respectively,in those aged ≥20 years,the difference was 10.40 years due to disability.The proportion of HALE loss due to disability in the total life expectancy was 17.61％,and it increased with age.HALE was higher in males than in females (49.21 years vs.48.14 years),and in urban residents than in rural residents (49.92 years vs.47.43 years).Conclusion The proportion of loss of HALE in the total life expectancy in adults was high in Zhejiang,and it higher in males than in females,in urban residents than rural residents.Programs on improving health care in women and rural residents should be promoted.
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AIM:To observe the effect of Tangshenfang(TS)on the liver protection and the levels of silent in-formation regulator 1(SIRT1)and peroxisom proliferator-activated receptor γcoactivator-1α(PGC-1α)in the liver tissue. METHODS:The rat model of diabetes mellitus(DM)was established by intravenous injection of streptozotocin(STZ;30 mg/kg)after having the high fat/high glucose diets for 1 month.The diabetic rats were randomly divided into DM group,DM with high-dose TS(TSHi)group, medium-dose TS(TSMed)group and low-dose TS(TSLow)group.The normal rats were served as control group.There were 8 rats in each group.After treatment with TS for 12 weeks,the serum biochemical indi-ces including fasting blood glucose(FBG), triglyceride(TG), alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotrans-ferase(AST)were tested.Fasting insulin(FINS)was also detected by radioimmunoassay,and homeostatic model assess-ment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)was calculated.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleu-kin-1(IL-1)were measured by ELISA.The activity of SOD and content of MDA in the liver tissues were measured by the methods of hydroxylamine and thiobarbituric acid.The liver pathological changes were observed under light microscope with HE and Masson staining.The protein expression of SIRT1and PGC-1αin the liver tissues was determined by Western blot. RESULTS:In DM group,serum FBG,TG,ALT,AST,FINS,HOMA-IR,TNF-αand IL-1 were obviously increased com-pared with the control group(P<0.01).The fatty changes,local necrosis,inflammation and fibrosis in the liver tissues were observed.The content of MDA in liver increased,while the activity of SOD decreased markedly.The protein expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1αwas decreased(P<0.05).In TS treatment groups,all these changes in DM rats were markedly reversed by TS,and the protein expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1αin the liver tissues was markedly increased.CONCLUSION:TS may protect the rats from diabetic liver injury by increasing the expression of SIRT 1 and PGC-1α,and thereby improving in-sulin resistance and oxidative stress.
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Objective To analyze the possibilities of screening SPF rabbits and guinea pigs from conventional animals, viral antibodies of the conventional rabbits and guinea pigs bred by licensed companies in Guangdong province during 2014-2016 were determined according to the standard of SPF animals in GB14922. 2. Methods Nine batches of 167 rabbit sera and 155 guinea pig sera were sampled from 6 companies. Serum antibodies to virus were determined by ELISA according to GB14922. 2. Results Positivity of antibody to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) was 82. 2%(129/157) for the vaccinated rabbits, and negative result were obtained for unvaccinated rabbits. Positive rate of rabbit rotavirus (RRV) was 42. 5% (71/167). No positive antibody responses to Sendai virus were detected out in all rabbits. The positive rates of guinea pig reovirus type III (REO-3) and pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) were 52. 9%(82/155)and 20% (31/155) respectively. Antibody responses to Sendai virus ( SV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ( LCMV) were negative in all guinea pigs. Conclusions Although the conventional rabbits and guinea pigs could meet the national standard, higher infection rates of virus excluded that SPF animals emerged in conventional animals, indicating that selection of SPF animals from conventional colonies is impracticable.
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Objective To conduct a microbiological and parasitological investigation of experimental minipigs in Guangdong province. Methods Four major experimental minipig production units in Guangdong province were included in this investigation. Samples were taken from a total of 154 pigs of 4 brreds, i. e. , Bama minipigs, Juema minipigs, Tibet minipigs and Wuzhishan minipigs. Pig fur, scales, serum, rectal swabs and feces samples were collected for detection of 20 pathogens. The data were analyzed and compared among the production units and breeds. Results Mixed infections were detected in all the four institutions. The infection rates of 7 pathogens were rather high: Streptococcus suis type 2 (50. 7%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (40. 3%), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (100%), Japanese encephalitis virus (41. 3%), porcine circovirus type 2 (74. 8%), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (73. 8%),gastroenteritis virus (44. 7%). Porcine parvovirus (26. 0%), pseudorabies virus(15. 6%) and intestinal worms (3. 2%) were also detected in some animals. The immune qualified rates of classical swine fever virus (62. 8%) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (35. 8%) were rather low. The immune qualified rate of pseudorabies virus was as high as 98. 4%. Besides, Salmonella, Brucella, swine dysentery snake like spirochetes, dermatophytes, influenza virus. Toxoplasma gondii, ectoparasites, and coccidia were not detected. Conclusions The results of this investigation indicate that epidemiological quality control of pathogens in experimental minipigs and efforts to establish high grade minipig population in Guangdong province remain to be strengthened. Our study also provides a basis for revision of local and even national standards for experimental minipigs.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of clinical pharmacists participating in clinical pathway management for chron-ic heart failure(CHF). METHODS:A total of 107 CHF adult inpatients in Linyi People's Hospital during Jan. 2014-Oct. 2015 were divided into control group(56 cases,3 withdrawal,53 in total)and trial group(58 cases,4 withdrawal,54 in total)accord-ing to random number table. Control group received routine clinical pathway management method of CHF;trial group received clin-ical pathway management with the participation of clinical pharmacists. Clinical efficacy,the utilization of heart failure drugs,eco-nomic indexes,medication compliance after discharge,re-hospitalization rate due to heart failure were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Total response rate of trial group was significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance(P0.05). Hospitalization time,drug cost,total hospitalization cost and drug ratio of trial group were short-er or lower than control group,without statistical significance(P>0.05). One month after discharge,the proportion of medication compliance in trial group was significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance(P0.05). Three months after discharge,the proportion of medica-tion compliance in trial group was higher than control group,while re-hospitalization rate was lower than control group,with statis-tical significance(P<0.05). CONCIUSIONS:The participation of clinical pharmacists in clinical pathway management of CHF can significantly improve the utilization rate of recommended drugs by guideline,clinical efficacy and medication compliance,and reduce re-hospitalization rate.
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Objective To analyze the health life expectancy (HALE) of the residents aged 15 years and above in Zhejiang Province and to evaluate the health level among adults. Methods The study was based the mortality data collected from Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information and Management System, and the mortality rates were from the Under-Reporting Survey and the sample data in Zhejiang from the 5th National Health Service Survey in 2013. A Sullivan' s method was used to calculate the HALE. Results The life expectancy and self-evaluated HALE were 63.62 years, 55.80 years, respectively, and the difference was 7.82 years (61.49 years VS 55.13 years in males and 66.10 years VS 56.57 years in females) . The self-evaluated HALE 55.89 years in urban and 55.54 years in rural residents aged 15 years and above. The proportion of self-evaluated HALE in the total life expectancy was 87.70%, and it decreased with age, and the proportion has dropped to 67.31% in ≥65 age group. Life expectancy without chronic morbidity was 46.68 years (46.35 years in males and 47.01 years in females; 44.03 years in urban and 47.15 years in rural areas) among residents aged 15 years and above, and the proportion of self-evaluated HALE without chronic morbidity in the total life expectancy without chronic morbidity was 73.37%. Conclusion In general the proportion of self-evaluated HALE in the total life expectancy was small , and males had a greater proportion than female, and adults in rural areas had a greater proportion than that in urban areas. We should consider NCDS management for the elderly residents and to improve the life quality among the elderly residents.
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Objective To evaluate risk and the direct economic burden of malignant tumor due to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Combing the data of chronic disease surveillance, follow-up and the fifth health service investigation, we calculated the population attributable risk and the direct economic burden for malignant tumor due to type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to estimate the direct economic burden for tumor caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results The relative risk was 1.68 (95%CI: 1.68-1.70) for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus to develop the malignant tumor than the people without type 2 diabetes mellitus. The proportions of attributable risk (AR%) and population attributable risk (PAR%) were 40.57% and 2.05%, respectively. Moreover, the annual average hospitalization costs for malignant tumor reached 11 billion CNY, which took part 6.48% of total health service costs. And the direct economic burden for malignant tumor due to type 2 diabetes mellitus was 0.228 billion CNY. In addition, the top two highest population attributable risks were colorectal cancer and liver cancer, while the top three greatest direct economic burdens for malignant tumor or malignant tumor due to type 2 diabetes mellitus were lung cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer. Conclusion From this study, we found that type 2 diabetes mellitus increased the risks of tumor and therefore lead to sharply increasing in medical costs of malignant tumor. In order to decrease the risk of malignant tumor and medical costs, we should pay more attention to the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the screening of malignant tumor due to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Objective To evaluate the impact of diabetes prevalence and mortality on health life expectancy (HLE).Methods A cause-excluded health adjusted life expectancy method was used to quantitatively analyze the impact of diabetes on HLE and the composition of health life losses (HLL),using the integrated data on population mortality,self-assessed health status and diabetes prevalence.Results The HLE for people aged 15 was 55.80 in Zhejiang,in 2013.After removing the diabetes morbidity and mortality,the HLE for men aged 15 increased by 0.86 and 1.13,respectively,with an increase of 1.04 and 0.66 for urban and rural residents.Substantial increase of HLE was observed in women and urban residents than those for men and rural residents.HLL caused by diabetes mortality and morbidity appeared as 0.10 and 0.79,with a ratio of 7.92.Conclusion HLL caused by diabetes mortality was much greater than those caused by diabetes mortality,suggesting the most effective measure in reducing the diabetes-related HLL is to promote the healthy lifestyle in urban areas and especially for women.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the impact of diabetes prevalence and mortality on health life expectancy (HLE).Methods A cause-excluded health adjusted life expectancy method was used to quantitatively analyze the impact of diabetes on HLE and the composition of health life losses (HLL),using the integrated data on population mortality,self-assessed health status and diabetes prevalence.Results The HLE for people aged 15 was 55.80 in Zhejiang,in 2013.After removing the diabetes morbidity and mortality,the HLE for men aged 15 increased by 0.86 and 1.13,respectively,with an increase of 1.04 and 0.66 for urban and rural residents.Substantial increase of HLE was observed in women and urban residents than those for men and rural residents.HLL caused by diabetes mortality and morbidity appeared as 0.10 and 0.79,with a ratio of 7.92.Conclusion HLL caused by diabetes mortality was much greater than those caused by diabetes mortality,suggesting the most effective measure in reducing the diabetes-related HLL is to promote the healthy lifestyle in urban areas and especially for women.